SpaceX星链卫星今年两次接近中国空间站,中方实施“紧急避碰”
发布时间:2026-07-08 15:26:40
据环球网报道,根据联合国和平利用外层空间委员会官方网站发布的文件显示,中国常驻联合国(维也纳)代表团 12 月初向联合国秘书长提交普通照会表示,美国太空探索技术公司(Spacex)发射的星链卫星,在今年先后两次接近中国空间站,对中国空间站搭载的航天员生命健康构成危险。出于安全考虑,中国空间站组合体针对有关美国卫星,两次实施“紧急避碰”。该照会表示,2021 年,中国载人航天工程实施了 5 次发射任务,成功将空间站天和核心舱、天舟二号和天舟三号货运飞船、神舟十二号和神舟十三号载人飞船发射入轨。中国空间站组合体稳定运行在高度 390 千米附近的近圆地球轨道,轨道倾角约 41.5°。在此期间,美国太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)发射的星链(StarLink)卫星先后两次接近中国空间站。出于安全考虑,空间站组合体分别于 7 月 1 日和 10 月 21 日实施对美国星链卫星的预防性碰撞规避控制(“紧急避碰”)。具体情况如下:第一次紧急避碰美国星链-1095 卫星自 2020 年 4 月 19 日起稳定运行在平均高度约 555 千米的轨道上。2021 年 5 月 16 日至 6 月 24 日,该卫星持续降轨机动至平均轨道高度 382 千米后,保持在该轨道高度运行。7 月 1 日,该卫星与中国空间站间出现近距离接近事件。出于安全考虑,中国空间站于 7 月 1 日晚主动采取紧急避碰,规避了两目标碰撞风险。第二次紧急避碰2021 年 10 月 21 日,美国星链-2305 卫星与中国空间站发生近距离接近事件。鉴于该卫星处于连续轨道机动状态,机动策略未知且无法评估轨道误差,存在与空间站碰撞风险。为确保在轨航天员安全,中国空间站于当日再次实施紧急避碰,规避了两目标碰撞风险。IT之家了解到,该照会指出,中方请联合国秘书长将上述情况周知《外空条约》各缔约国,并提请各缔约国注意,根据《外空条约》第 6 条,“各缔约国对其(不论是政府部门,还是非政府的团体组织)在外层空间(包括月球和其他天体)所从事的活动,要承担国际责任,并应负责保证本国活动的实施符合本条约的规定。”
The SpaceX Starlink satellite has approached the Chinese Space Station twice this year, and China has implemented emergency collision avoidance. According to a report from Global Network, according to documents released by the official website of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, the Permanent Mission of China to the United Nations (Vienna) submitted a note verbale to the United Nations Secretary-General in early December stating that the Starlink satellite launched by the U.S. Space Exploration Technology Corporation (Spacex) has approached the Chinese Space Station twice this year, posing a danger to the life and health of the astronauts on board the Chinese Space Station. For safety reasons, the Chinese space station complex carried out emergency collision avoidance twice against relevant U.S. satellites. The note stated that China's manned space program carried out five launch missions in 2021, successfully launching the Tianhe core module of the space station, the Tianzhou-2 and Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft, and the Shenzhou-12 and Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft into orbit. The Chinese space station complex operates stably in a near-circular Earth orbit at an altitude of approximately 390 kilometers, with an orbital inclination of approximately 41.5 . During this period, the StarLink satellite launched by the US Space Exploration Technology Company (SpaceX) approached the Chinese space station twice. For safety reasons, the space station complex implemented preventive collision avoidance controls ( emergency collision avoidance ) on U.S. Starlink satellites on July 1 and October 21 respectively. The specific situation is as follows: The first emergency collision avoidance of the American Starlink-1095 satellite has been operating stably in an orbit with an average altitude of approximately 555 kilometers since April 19, 2020. From May 16 to June 24, 2021, the satellite continued to maneuver down its orbit to an average orbital altitude of 382 kilometers, and then maintained its operation at this orbital altitude. On July 1, a close approach occurred between the satellite and the Chinese space station. For safety reasons, the Chinese Space Station took the initiative to avoid collision on the evening of July 1, avoiding the risk of collision between the two targets. The second emergency collision avoidance event occurred on October 21, 2021, when the American Starlink-2305 satellite had a close approach with the Chinese space station. Since the satellite is in a continuous orbital maneuvering state, the maneuvering strategy is unknown and the orbital error cannot be assessed, and there is a risk of collision with the space station. In order to ensure the safety of astronauts in orbit, the Chinese Space Station once again implemented emergency collision avoidance that day, avoiding the risk of collision between the two targets. IT House learned that the note pointed out that China requested the Secretary-General of the United Nations to inform the parties to the Outer Space Treaty about the above situation, and drew the attention of the parties to the Outer Space Treaty. According to Article 6 of the Outer Space Treaty, Each party to the Outer Space Treaty must bear international responsibility for its (whether governmental departments or non-governmental organizations) activities in outer space (including the moon and other celestial bodies), and should be responsible for ensuring that the implementation of its activities complies with the provisions of this treaty