SpaceX与NASA签约 星链卫星接近航天器时将主动规避
发布时间:2026-07-08 15:25:51
4月19日消息,太空探索技术公司SpaceX最近与美国国家航空航天局(NASA)达成一项协议,如果该公司旗下的星链互联网卫星与国际空间站或NASA其他航天器过于接近,这些卫星就会主动进行机动。NASA官员说,3月18日签署的这项《太空法案》协议将有助于维护和改善太空安全。到目前为止,SpaceX已经将1400多颗星链互联网卫星送入轨道。在2019年首次发射星链互联网卫星后,SpaceX已经数次对卫星设计进行调整,降低卫星对太阳光的反射,使在轨卫星能够相互通信,甚至在必要时进行机动。NASA代理局长史蒂夫·尤尔奇克(Steve Jurczyk)在一份声明中表示:“随着商业公司发射越来越多的卫星,加强沟通、交换数据并设定最佳做法至关重要,只有这样才能维护一个安全的太空环境。”2020年,国际空间站不得不多次调整既定轨道,以避免发生可能的碰撞,这种任务需要多方协调。随着在轨卫星数量的增加,太空中发生碰撞事故的可能性也在增加。长期以来SpaceX公司一直强调,星链互联网卫星配备了自动避障功能,可以帮助在轨航天器改变位置。NASA希望通过签署这样一项新协议,如果再发生航天器过于接近的情况时,星链互联网卫星将主动进行规避。该协议还要求SpaceX每次发射星链互联网卫星至少提前一周通知NASA,以便于确定发射任务是否会造成任何可能的碰撞问题。SpaceX还同意,其星链互联网卫星发射升空后的初始轨道距离国际空间站或NASA其他航天器至少5公里以上。协议称:“NASA已经同意在航天器接近时不会主动进行机动,从而避免双方都进行不慎操作。”“NASA航天器运行将主要依赖于星链互联网卫星的主动规避。除非SpaceX另行通知,NASA航天器将保持其既定轨道。”此外,双方合作还包括进一步降低星链互联网卫星亮度。目前SpaceX在星链互联网卫星上安装了一种特殊遮阳板,可降低航天器的亮度,但该协议允许双方进一步共享更多信息。SpaceX并不是唯一一家想要打造太空互联网服务的公司。OneWeb、Telstar和亚马逊都有自己的卫星互联网计划。3月30日,一颗星链互联网卫星和OneWeb的一颗卫星曾在运行中擦肩而过。所幸两家公司相互协调,OneWeb主动对其卫星进行了机动。随着太空中卫星数量的迅速增加,这种合作很可能是避免发生碰撞的关键所在。
SpaceX signed a contract with NASA to actively avoid Starlink satellites when approaching the spacecraft. According to news on April 19, the space exploration technology company SpaceX recently reached an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). If the company s Starlink Internet satellites get too close to the International Space Station or other NASA spacecraft, these satellites will actively maneuver. NASA officials said the Space Act agreement signed on March 18 will help maintain and improve space safety. So far, SpaceX has launched more than 1,400 Starlink Internet satellites into orbit. After launching the Starlink Internet satellite for the first time in 2019, SpaceX has adjusted the satellite design several times to reduce the satellite's reflection of sunlight, allowing satellites in orbit to communicate with each other and even maneuver when necessary. NASA Acting Administrator Steve Jurczyk said in a statement: As commercial companies launch more and more satellites, it is critical to strengthen communication, exchange data, and set best practices so that a safe space environment can be maintained. In 2020, the International Space Station had to adjust its established orbit multiple times to avoid possible collisions. This kind of mission requires coordination among multiple parties. As the number of satellites in orbit increases, so does the likelihood of collisions in space. SpaceX has long emphasized that Starlink Internet satellites are equipped with automatic obstacle avoidance functions that can help on-orbit spacecraft change positions. NASA hopes that by signing such a new agreement, if the spacecraft gets too close again, the Starlink Internet satellite will actively avoid it. The agreement also requires SpaceX to notify NASA at least one week in advance each time it launches a Starlink Internet satellite to determine whether the launch mission will cause any possible collision issues. SpaceX also agreed that the initial orbit of its Starlink Internet satellite after launch will be at least 5 kilometers away from the International Space Station or other NASA spacecraft. The agreement stated: NASA has agreed not to proactively maneuver when the spacecraft is approaching, so as to avoid careless operations by both parties. NASA spacecraft operations will mainly rely on the active avoidance of Starlink Internet satellites. Unless otherwise notified by SpaceX, NASA spacecraft will maintain its established orbit. In addition, the cooperation between the two parties also includes further reducing the brightness of Starlink Internet satellites. SpaceX currently installs a special visor on its Starlink Internet satellites that reduces the brightness of the spacecraft, but the agreement allows both parties to further share more information. SpaceX isn't the only company looking to build internet services in space. OneWeb, Telstar and Amazon all have their own satellite internet plans. On March 30, a Starlink Internet satellite and a OneWeb satellite passed by each other during operation. Fortunately, the two companies coordinated with each other and OneWeb took the initiative to maneuver its satellite. With the number of satellites in space rapidly increasing, this kind of cooperation may well be the key to avoiding collisions